The
choice of cylinders should be made to accommodate body
size, breathing rate, dive profiles and diving
environments. Improper cylinder choice contributes to
buoyancy control problems, and thus increases environmental
damage and diver risk. Failure to match the appropriate
cylinders with your style of exposure suit and buoyancy
control system can also prove fatal-- steel back cylinders
and stages, when used with a thin wetsuit, can result in
uncontrolled descents.
1. Aluminium
In
general terms aluminium cylinders change from being
negatively buoyant to positively buoyant as the volume of
gas they contain reduces. This characteristic, when
combined with correct weighting can be capitalized upon to
provide redundant buoyancy. This makes the use of aluminium
cylinders when wet suit diving an absolute necessity.
2. Steel
The use
of steel cylinders when wearing a wet suit should be
avoided at all costs. Steel cylinders represent total
negative buoyancy. Whilst they too reduce in overall weight
as the gas volume reduces they never achieve positive
buoyancy and remain negative through out the dive no matter
what the circumstances.
3. So what?
Imagine
diving in a wet suit and experiencing a BC failure, the
only option would be to fin yourself back to the
surface. If you're using a steel cylinder no matter
what equipment you ditch you'll still have to swim up
carrying on average a 5kg lump of steel, twice as much if
you're using twins.
However if you use an aluminium cylinder and have balanced
your equipment correctly, by removing your ditchable weight
you will be able to take advantage of the the cylinders
integral buoyancy during your swim back to safety. Now, in
an emergency what would you prefer a 5kg millstone or a
gentle helping hand?
And before you ask, no, a double bladder isn't an
acceptable solution. Please refer to our BC section for
further information. This subject cannot be adequately
covered in this limited space but is expanded on in other
areas. And of course you can always call us or email us for
a fuller explanation.
4. High Pressure Cylinders
High
pressure cylinders such as 300 bar should be avoided as
they place additional stress on manifolds, first stages, HP
hoses and O rings etc. High pressure cylinders by their
nature weigh more because they require a thicker cylinder
wall to contain the elevated pressure. As a consequence
they are considerably heavier than their standard
counterparts. Coupled with the issue of additional stress
these cylinders become undesirable.
Contrary to popular belief high pressure cylinders do not
offer a proportional increase in available gas
volume. Many divers don't realize that as pressures
exceed 200 bar the relationship between pressure and volume
changes. Consequently there is not the significant gain in
available gas that some divers expect but there is a
considerable weight penalty. Remember the millstone effect
referred to earlier?
5. Correct weighting
Some
tanks are fairly heavy when full yet will become neutral or
even positive when empty. It's important to ensure that a
diver wears sufficient weight to remain submerged at 6m
with near empty cylinders. There are several methods of
offsetting this problem which include the conventional
weight belt, weight placed behind the Backplate and heavier
stainless steel plates.
6. Hot-dip galvanized tanks
Hot-dip
galvanized tanks appear far more rust resistant but
environmental considerations and cost seem to be reducing
their availability. There's also a maintenance
consideration. Depending on where in the world you live,
once the galvanized coating is sufficiently damaged it may
have to be replaced before the cylinder will pass its
periodic inspection.
7.
Characteristics
Cylinders
come in many capacities and are made of various compounds.
Each has a specific characteristic, the desirability of
which varies according to the kit configuration and
circumstances in which you plan to dive. Choosing the
correct cylinder for the circumstances is an essential
safety consideration.
8. Cylinder sizes
Its
important to choose the correct cylinder for the job as
addressed earlier the cylinder needs to be appropriate for
the type of dive being undertaken. merely grabbing the
largest possible cylinder is not the answer. As described
earlier each cylinder has a different personality and its
important to ensure the correct one is being used. For wet
suit diving Luxfer aluminium S80 and S40 cylinders are best
suited.